| Title: Just
the facts |
| Subject: Mathematics
|
| Grade Level: 3
- 7 |
| Overview:
|
| This lesson will allow students to become familiar with
terminology used in a survey. They will then conduct a survey and use
graphing software to graph their results. |
| Approximate
Duration: 3 50-minute class periods |
Content Standards:
- Algebra
In problem-solving investigations students demonstrate an
understanding of concepts and processes that allow them to analyze,
represent, and describe relationships among variable quantities and
to apply algebraic methods to real-world situations.
- Data analysis, Probability, and Discrete Math
In problem-solving investigations, students discover trends,
formulate conjectures regarding cause-and-effect relationships, and
demonstrate critical thinking skills in order to make informed
decisions.
|
Benchmarks:
- A-3-E
recognizing the connection of algebra to the other strands and
to real-life situations (e.g., number sentences or formulas to
represent real-world problems). (4,5)
- A-2-M
modeling and developing methods for solving equations and
inequalities (e.g., using charts, graphs, manipulatives, and/or
standard algebraic procedures); (1,3,4,5)
- A-3-M
representing situations and number patterns with tables,
graphs, and verbal and written statements, while exploring the
relationships among these representations (e.g., multiple
representations for the same situation); (1,2,3,4)
- A-4-M
analyzing tables and graphs to identify relationships exhibited
by the data and making generalizations based upon these
relationships; (2,3,4)
- D-1-E
collecting, organizing, and describing data based on real-life
situations; (1,2,3,4,5)
- D-2-E
constructing, reading, and interpreting data in charts, graphs,
tables, etc; (2,3,4)
- D-3-E
formulating and solving problems that involve the use of data;
(1,4)
- D-6-E
demonstrating the connection of data analysis, probability, and
discrete math to other strands and real-life situations.
(2,3,4)
- D-1-M
systematically collecting, organizing, describing, and
displaying data in charts, tables, plots, graphs, and/or
spreadsheets; (1,2,3,4)
- D-2-M
analyzing, interpreting, evaluating, drawing inferences, and
making estimations, predictions, decisions, and convincing arguments
based on organized data (e.g., analyze data using concepts of mean,
median, mode, range, random samples, sample size, bias, and data
extremes); (1,2,3,4,5)
- D-6-M
demonstrating the connection of data analysis, probability, and
discrete math to other strands and to real-life situations.
(1,2,3,4,5)
|
Interdisciplinary Connections:
- English/Language Arts : Standard 3
Students communicate using standard English grammar, usage,
sentence structure, punctuation, capitalization, spelling, and
handwriting.
- English/Language Arts : Standard 4
Students demonstrate competence in speaking and listening as
tools for learning and communicating.
- Arts : Aesthetic Perception
Students develop aesthetic perception through the knowledge of
art forms and respect for commonalties and differences.
- Arts : Critical Analysis
Students make informed oral and written observations about the
arts by developing skills for critical analysis through the study of
and exposure to the arts.
- Foreign Language : Communication: Interpersonal Mode
Students engage in direct oral and written communication in the
target language in order to socialize, provide and obtain
information, acquire goods the target language in order to
socialize, provide and obtain information, acquire goods and
service, express feelings and emotions, and exchange opinions.
- Foreign Language : Communication: Presentation Mode
Students present, through oral and written communications,
information, concepts, and ideas on a variety of topics to an
audience of listeners or readers with whom there is no immediate
personal contact or in a one-to-many mode.
- Business Education : Standard 15
The student will utilize current technology and information
processing concepts for personal and business applications.
- Business Education : Standard 16
The student will produce business and personal presentations
using multimedia technology.
- Business Education : Standard 17
The student will apply desktop publishing concepts and
effective communication techniques to produce business and personal
documents.
- Business Education : Standard 18
The student will apply proper keyboarding techniques to input
data and produce personal and business documents.
|
Educational Technology Standards:
- Identify, explain, and effectively use input, output and storage
devices of computers and other technologies (e.g., keyboard, mouse,
scanner, adaptive devices, monitor, printer floppy disk, hard
drive).
- Use accurate and developmentally appropriate terminology (e.g.,
cursor, software, hardware, pull down menu, window, disk drive, hard
drive, CD-ROM, laser disc) when referring to technology.
- Discuss common uses of technology in daily life and the
advantages and disadvantages those uses provide.
- Use a variety of developmentally appropriate resources and
productivity tools (e.g., logical thinking programs, writing and
graphic tools, digital cameras, graphing software) for
communication, presentation, and illustration of thoughts, ideas,
and stories.
- Use technology resources to assist in problem-solving,
self-directed learning, and extended learning activities.
- Use information, media, and technology in a responsible manner
which includes following the school's acceptable use policy,
adhering to copyright laws, respecting the rights of others, and
employing proper etiquette in all forms of communication.
- Use telecommunications and online resources efficiently and
effectively to collaborate with peers, experts, and others to
investigate curriculum-related problems, issues, and information and
to develop solutions or products for various audiences.
- Research and evaluate the accuracy, relevance, appropriateness,
comprehensiveness, and bias of electronic information.
|
Objectives:
1. The learner will define terminology used with surveys.
2. The learner will define decisions to be made from a survey.
3. The learner will compute appropriate sample sizes.
4. The learner will remove bias from their survey.
5. The learner will write survey questions.
6. The learner will conduct a survey.
7. The learner will display survey results.
|
Lesson
Materials and Resources:
1. Word list and definitions of terms.
2. Clip boards
3. Survey sheets to record responses and tally results.
4. Poster board
5. Markers
6. A list of appropriate survey questions (these can be generated by
the students) |
Technology
Tools and Materials:
Hardware:
Computer/printer
Calculator
Software:
Graph Master to graph results
or Graph Club for younger students
Websites:
Create a graph
<http://nces.ed.gov/nceskids/Graphing/>
|
Background
Information:
Students should have a working knowledge of how to find the percent of
a number.
Students should be able to use the Graph Master or Graph Club graphing
program. |
Lesson
Procedures:
Day 1
1. Discuss and define needed vocabulary to conduct a survey. Terms
include:
a. Population-a particular group of people
b. Sample-part of a population
c. Random sample-choosing individuals from a sample so that every
individual in the population has the same chance of being selected.
d. Bias-not representing everyone in the population
e. Question bias-asking questions that lead to a specific response
f. Tally table-a table with categories to allow you to record each
piece of data as it is collected.
g. Frequency-the number of times a response is selected
h. Cumulative frequency-a running total of all responses
2. Describe the mathematical process for selecting the size of a
sample using the 1 out of 10 ratio:
example: If there are 450 people in our population, we need 10% or 45
of those people in our sample
10% x 450 = 45
3. Model the process for identifying a population and sample group.
Then how to pick from the population randomly.
example: If our population is 100 6th and 7th graders. We would need
to randomly select 10 of those 6th and 7th graders by pulling their
names from a jar, etc...
4. Generate appropriate, unbiased survey questions with the students.
5. Let students visit Create a graph to see examples of different
types of graphs.
Day 2
1. Divide students into co-operative learning groups of 3 or 4.
2. Determine the sample group and sample size that would be
appropriate for your school setting.
example: There are 160 6th and 7th graders at Lexington Middle School.
So we should ask our question to 16 randomly selected 6th and 7th
graders.
3. Give each group:
a. A survey question appropriate for their age group
b. A tally sheet to record responses
c. A clipboard on which to carry the tally sheet.
4. Allow students time to conduct their survey. Speak with other
teachers ahead of time if they will need to visit other classrooms to
ask their question.
Day 3
1. Allow groups to discuss their survey results.
2. Have each group using graphing software, such as Graph Master graph
their results.
3. Results can then be transferred onto poster board in the form of a
graph and displayed in the classroom or hallway. |
Assessment
Procedures:
Assessment should include the students participation in conducting the
survey using the participation rubric.
A vocabulary test of the terms used to conduct a survey should also be
given.
Also, the students tally chart and final graph can be used in the
assessment procedure. |
Accommodations/Modifications:
Students could be grouped to allow stronger students to help those who
might have trouble. Calculators could also be used to find the percent
of a number.
----- written by
Amanda Davis
|
Reproducible
Materials:
|
Explorations
and Extensions:
This is a useful lesson to teach in preparation for the social studies
or science fairs. Students can use the techniques learned throughout
this lesson in construction of their own project.
This lesson is also a life skill lesson to give them a better
understanding of the use of surveys in propaganda to determine bias.
|
Lesson
Development Resources:
Math Advantage, Harcourt Brace, Dallas TX, 1998 |
Reflections:
I've done this lesson with students when we were debating switching to
uniforms. They loved this activity and finding out what their peers
think about topics important to them. |
Contact
Information:
Amanda Davis
amanda.davis@mcschools.net
Lexington Elementary |
|